Backbench standard preparation of cadaver donor renal allograft prior to transplantation, including dissection and removal of perinephric fat, diaphragmatic and retroperitoneal attachments, excision of adrenal gland, and preparation of ureter(s), renal ve
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Backbench Standard Preparation of Cadaver Donor Renal Allograft Prior to Transplantation
Summary
This procedure involves preparing a cadaver donor kidney for transplantation. It includes dissecting and removing surrounding fat, severing muscle and tissue attachments, excising the adrenal gland, and preparing the ureter and renal veins.
Purpose
The main goal is to prepare a deceased donor kidney (allograft) to be transplanted into a recipient. It addresses end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or kidney failure by providing a new, functioning kidney to replace the failed one.
Indications
- End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
- Chronic kidney failure
- Conditions leading to permanent kidney damage, such as diabetes or hypertension
- Patients on long-term dialysis
Preparation
- Patients typically need pre-transplant evaluations, including blood tests, imaging studies, and compatibility tests.
- They may be required to fast and adjust their medication regimen as per the surgeon’s instructions.
Procedure Description
- Dissection and Removal of Perinephric Fat: The kidney is carefully dissected to remove the surrounding perinephric fat.
- Diaphragmatic and Retroperitoneal Attachments: The kidney is liberated from diaphragmatic and retroperitoneal tissues.
- Excision of Adrenal Gland: If attached, the adrenal gland is meticulously excised.
- Preparation of Ureter(s) and Renal Vein: The ureter and renal vein are carefully prepared and preserved to ensure they are ready for connection to the recipient's tissues.
Tools and equipment include surgical scalpels, scissors, forceps, clamps, and possibly electrocautery devices. The procedure is performed under sterile conditions, and the use of local or general anesthesia details would depend on the specific surgical protocol.
Duration
The procedure typically takes about 1-3 hours, although the exact time may vary.
Setting
This procedure is performed in a hospital setting, usually in an operating room or a dedicated surgical preparation area.
Personnel
- Surgeons specialized in transplant surgery
- Operating room nurses
- Anesthesiologists (if applicable)
- Surgical assistants
Risks and Complications
- Infection
- Bleeding or hemorrhage
- Damage to the kidney tissue
- Complications related to surrounding structures like blood vessels and adrenal gland
Benefits
- Successful transplantation increases the recipient’s quality of life.
- It eliminates or reduces the need for dialysis.
- Restores normal kidney function, managing the underlying condition causing ESRD.
Recovery
- Immediate post-procedure monitoring in the intensive care unit (ICU)
- Instructions on wound care for the procurement site
- Regular follow-ups to monitor for any signs of rejection or complications
- Recovery can vary but typically involves a period of several weeks to months with gradual return to normal activity
Alternatives
- Continued dialysis as a temporary or long-term management option
- Peritoneal dialysis as another form of dialysis
- Living donor kidney transplantation
Patient Experience
During the procedure, the patient will typically be under anesthesia, so they will not experience any discomfort. Postoperatively, they may feel soreness or pain at the incision site, which will be managed with pain relief medications. Follow-up appointments are crucial to monitor recovery and manage any complications.