Biopsy of pancreas, open (eg, fine needle aspiration, needle core biopsy, wedge biopsy)
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Biopsy of Pancreas, Open (including Fine Needle Aspiration, Needle Core Biopsy, Wedge Biopsy)
Summary
An open biopsy of the pancreas is a surgical procedure where a small sample of pancreatic tissue is removed for examination. This can be done using a fine needle aspiration (FNA), a needle core biopsy, or a wedge biopsy technique.
Purpose
The procedure is primarily used to diagnose pancreatic conditions, such as cancer, chronic pancreatitis, or other pancreatic abnormalities. The goal is to obtain tissue samples to analyze for disease, helping to inform further treatment decisions.
Indications
- Suspected pancreatic cancer or tumor
- Chronic pancreatitis with unclear diagnosis
- Unexplained pancreatic masses or lesions
- Abnormal imaging results indicating pancreatic pathology
Preparation
- Patients are generally required to fast for 8-12 hours before the procedure.
- Medication adjustments may be necessary, especially if taking blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs.
- Pre-procedure diagnostic tests, such as blood work and imaging studies (e.g., CT scan, MRI), may be required.
Procedure Description
- The patient is given anesthesia, usually general, to ensure they are asleep and pain-free.
- A small incision is made in the abdomen to access the pancreas.
- Depending on the technique used, either a fine needle, core needle, or a wedge-shaped section is taken from the pancreatic tissue.
- The tissue sample is then sent to a pathology lab for analysis.
Tools:
- Fine needle or core biopsy needle
- Surgical instruments for making the incision and obtaining tissue
- Imaging guidance (e.g., ultrasound or CT) might be used for needle placement.
Duration
The procedure typically takes about 1-2 hours.
Setting
The procedure is generally performed in a hospital or a specialized surgical center.
Personnel
- Surgeon
- Assisting nurses
- Anesthesiologist
Risks and Complications
- Bleeding
- Infection
- Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)
- Injury to surrounding organs or blood vessels
- Rare risk of causing or spreading cancer cells
Benefits
- Accurate diagnosis of pancreatic conditions
- Informing treatment decisions, such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation
- Potentially avoiding more invasive diagnostic procedures
Recovery
- Patients may need to stay in the hospital for observation for 1-2 days.
- Instructions may include pain management strategies, care for the surgical site, and activity restrictions.
- Return to normal activities is generally expected within a week, with follow-up appointments to monitor the patient's recovery.
Alternatives
- Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy
- Percutaneous needle biopsy
Imaging-based diagnosis (with possible limitations in accuracy)
Pros and cons should be discussed with the healthcare provider to determine the most suitable approach.
Patient Experience
During the procedure, the patient will be under general anesthesia and feel no pain. Post-procedure, patients might experience some pain and discomfort at the incision site, which can typically be managed with prescribed pain relief. Drowsiness and fatigue are common due to anesthesia. Patients should follow their doctor's instructions regarding diet, activity, and medication to ensure a smooth recovery.