Name of the Procedure:

Introduction of catheter, aorta Commonly known as Aortic Catheterization or Aortic Catheter Placement.

Summary

An aortic catheterization is a medical procedure where a thin, flexible tube called a catheter is inserted into the aorta, the main artery carrying blood from the heart to the rest of the body. It is used to diagnose, monitor, and treat various cardiovascular conditions.

Purpose

An aortic catheterization helps measure blood pressures within the heart and arteries, examine the flow of blood through the heart, detect blockages or abnormalities in blood vessels, and collect blood samples directly from the aorta.

Indications

• Chest pain or discomfort
• Suspected coronary artery disease
• Congenital heart defects
• Valvular heart disease
• Heart failure
• Pre-surgical assessments

Preparation

• Fasting for 6-8 hours before the procedure.
• Adjustment or cessation of certain medications as advised by the doctor.
• Undergoing diagnostic tests such as ECG, blood tests, or imaging studies.

Procedure Description

1. The patient is typically given a local anesthetic to numb the insertion site.
2. A small incision is made, usually in the groin to access the femoral artery or in the arm/radial artery.
3. A guide wire is threaded through the artery to the aorta.
4. The catheter is then inserted along the guide wire to reach the aorta.
5. Contrast dye may be injected to visualize the artery better through X-rays.
6. Measurements, blood samples, or treatments are performed as needed.
7. Once completed, the catheter and guide wire are removed, and pressure is applied to the insertion site to stop any bleeding.

Duration

The entire procedure usually takes about 1-2 hours.

Setting

Aortic catheterization is performed in a specialized area, such as a catheterization lab within a hospital or a dedicated surgical center.

Personnel

• Cardiologist or interventional radiologist
• Nurses
• Anesthesiologist or sedation nurse

Risks and Complications

• Bleeding or hematoma at the insertion site
• Infection
• Blood vessel damage
• Allergic reaction to contrast dye
• Arrhythmias
• Blood clots

Benefits

• Accurate diagnosis of cardiovascular conditions
• Targeted treatment of vascular problems
• Immediate insights to guide further treatment
• Potential relief from symptoms

Recovery

• Monitoring in a recovery area for several hours post-procedure.
• Keeping the insertion site clean and dry.
• Avoiding strenuous activities for a few days.
• Follow-up appointments to monitor recovery and results.

Alternatives

• Non-invasive imaging tests such as echocardiography or CT angiography.
• Medical management with lifestyle changes and medications.
• Other interventional procedures like angioplasty and bypass surgery.

Patient Experience

Patients may feel slight pressure or discomfort during catheter insertion, but significant pain is uncommon due to local anesthesia. Post-procedure, there may be temporary soreness or bruising at the insertion site. Pain management and rest are typically sufficient to ensure comfort.