Name of the Procedure:

Arthroplasty, metacarpophalangeal joint; with prosthetic implant, each joint
Common name(s): Finger joint replacement surgery

Summary

Arthroplasty of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint is a surgical procedure to replace a damaged finger joint with a prosthetic implant. This helps restore function and alleviate pain in the affected finger.

Purpose

This procedure addresses severe arthritis, traumatic injuries, or other joint conditions that cause pain and restrict motion in the MCP joint. The primary goal is to relieve pain, restore function, and improve the overall quality of life.

Indications

• Severe arthritis (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis)
• Significant joint pain
• Limited range of motion
• Deformities in the fingers
• Non-responsive to conservative treatments like medication or physical therapy

Preparation

• Patients may need to fast for a specific period before the procedure.
• Adjustments to medications, especially blood thinners, may be required.
• Preoperative diagnostic tests such as X-rays or MRI scans to assess the joint condition.

Procedure Description

1. Anesthesia is administered: local, regional, or general depending on the case.
2. An incision is made over the affected MCP joint.
3. The damaged joint surfaces are removed.
4. A prosthetic implant, usually made of metal or silicone, is inserted.
5. The incision is closed with sutures, and a sterile dressing is applied.
6. The hand is typically placed in a splint to stabilize the joint.

Duration

Approximately 1-2 hours.

Setting

Hospital operating room or outpatient surgical center.

Personnel

• Orthopedic or hand surgeon
• Anesthesiologist
• Surgical nurses
• Operating room technicians

Risks and Complications

Common risks:

• Infection
• Bleeding
• Swelling
• Pain

Rare complications:

• Implant loosening or failure
• Nerve damage
• Joint stiffness
• Allergic reaction to the implant material

Benefits

• Pain relief
• Improved joint function and range of motion
• Enhanced daily activity performance

Recovery

• Post-procedure care includes pain management, wound care, and physical therapy.
• Most patients can resume light activities within a few weeks, but full recovery may take several months.
• Regular follow-up appointments are necessary to monitor progress and implant status.

Alternatives

• Non-surgical options: physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroid injections, orthotic devices.
• Other surgical options: joint fusion (arthrodesis).

Patient Experience

Patients can expect:

• Some discomfort and swelling immediately after the procedure.
• Pain managed with prescribed medications.
• Gradual improvement in joint function with the help of physical therapy.
• Supportive measures like splints or braces may be used during recovery.