90691 Typhoid vaccine, Vi capsular polysaccharide (ViCPs), for intramuscular use

Name of the Procedure:

Typhoid Vaccine, Vi Capsular Polysaccharide (ViCPs), Intramuscular Use

Summary

The Typhoid ViCPs vaccine is an intramuscular injection designed to protect against typhoid fever, a serious disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. The vaccine helps the body's immune system recognize and fight off the bacteria, reducing the risk of developing typhoid fever.

Purpose

• Medical Condition Addressed: Typhoid fever.
• Goals: To induce immunity against Salmonella typhi, thus preventing infection.

Indications

• Symptoms/Conditions: Recommended for individuals traveling to or living in areas where typhoid fever is common, and for those who may be exposed to the bacteria through their occupation or lifestyle.
• Patient Criteria: Individuals over the age of 2, particularly those traveling to endemic regions.

Preparation

• Pre-Procedure Instructions: Generally, no special preparation like fasting is needed.
• Diagnostic Tests/Assessments: No specific tests required; however, screening for allergies to vaccine components might be considered.

Procedure Description

1. Step-by-Step Explanation:
   1. Patient is seated and the injection site (usually the upper arm) is cleaned with an antiseptic.
   2. The healthcare provider administers the Typhoid ViCPs vaccine intramuscularly.
   3. A bandage is applied to the injection site if needed.
2. Tools/Equipment: Pre-filled syringe with the vaccine.
3. Anesthesia/Sedation: Not typically required; local pain at the injection site may be felt.

Duration

The administration of the vaccine typically takes a few minutes.

Setting

The vaccine is usually administered in an outpatient clinic, travel health clinic, or primary care office.

Personnel

• Healthcare Professionals Involved: Nurses or trained healthcare providers under the guidance of a physician.

Risks and Complications

• Common Risks: Pain at the injection site, mild fever, headache, nausea.
• Rare Complications: Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), which are managed with immediate medical intervention.

Benefits

• Expected Benefits: Provides immunity against typhoid fever, significantly reducing the risk of infection.
• Onset of Benefits: Immunity develops within 1-2 weeks after vaccination.

Recovery

• Post-Procedure Care: Patients can resume normal activities immediately, although they should monitor for any side effects.
• Expected Recovery Time: No recovery time is needed.
• Follow-Up: Generally, booster shots are not required frequently, and follow-up is not typically necessary.

Alternatives

• Other Treatment Options: Another form of typhoid vaccine, such as the live oral Ty21a vaccine.
• Pros and Cons: The intramuscular ViCPs vaccine is preferred for those who have contraindications to live vaccines or prefer fewer doses.

Patient Experience

• During the Procedure: Patients may feel a brief sting or minor discomfort at the injection site.
• After the Procedure: Some patients might experience mild soreness at the injection site, possible low-grade fever, or other minor side effects which typically resolve on their own. Pain management measures like over-the-counter pain relievers and placing a cold pack on the injection site can be used for comfort.