Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, 7 valent, for intramuscular use
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, 7-Valent (PCV7); Prevenar, Prevnar.
Summary
The Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, 7-valent (PCV7), is an immunization designed to protect against seven strains of the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. This vaccine is administered via an intramuscular injection, primarily to infants and young children, but also to certain adults at higher risk for pneumococcal diseases.
Purpose
The vaccine addresses and prevents diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria, such as pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. The expected outcome is increased immunity against these serious infections, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality.
Indications
- Infants and young children, particularly those under 2 years of age.
- Children aged 2-5 years with certain medical conditions (e.g., chronic heart or lung diseases, diabetes, sickle cell disease).
- Adults and elderly individuals with specific health conditions (e.g., weakened immune systems, chronic health issues).
Preparation
- No special preparation is usually required.
- The healthcare provider will review the patient’s medical history to ensure suitability.
- Inform the provider of any current medications or allergies.
Procedure Description
- The patient, typically a child, is positioned comfortably, often in a caregiver’s lap.
- The healthcare provider cleans the injection site, usually the thigh or upper arm, with an antiseptic wipe.
- Using a sterile needle, the vaccine is injected intramuscularly.
- After the injection, the site may be gently pressed with a cotton ball or bandage is applied.
Duration
The injection process takes only a few minutes.
Setting
The procedure can be performed in various healthcare settings such as pediatrician’s offices, family clinics, health departments, and hospitals.
Personnel
A trained healthcare professional, typically a nurse or a doctor, administers the vaccine.
Risks and Complications
- Common: mild fever, redness, swelling, or soreness at the injection site.
- Rare: severe allergic reactions, high fever, and febrile seizures.
Benefits
- Provides immunity against seven types of pneumococcal bacteria.
- Reduces the risk of severe infections such as pneumonia and meningitis.
- Decreases the likelihood of hospitalizations due to pneumococcal diseases.
Recovery
- The patient can resume normal activities immediately.
- Caregivers should monitor for common side effects and manage them with over-the-counter pain relievers, as advised.
- Follow-up vaccinations may be scheduled as part of a series for complete immunization.
Alternatives
- Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) for older children and adults.
Continued cautious avoidance of known bacterial exposure and prompt treatment of infections.
Patient Experience
- During the procedure, some pain or discomfort may be felt at the injection site.
- Post-procedure, any mild side effects such as soreness or fever can be managed.
- Comfort measures like cuddling, distracting the infant, or using a cool compress can help alleviate discomfort.