Infectious agent phenotype analysis by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) with drug resistance tissue culture analysis, HIV 1; each additional drug tested (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Infectious agent phenotype analysis by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) with drug resistance tissue culture analysis, HIV 1; each additional drug tested (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure).
Summary
This procedure involves analyzing the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of the HIV 1 virus to identify its characteristics and assess its resistance to various drugs. This helps in tailoring personalized treatment plans for HIV 1 patients.
Purpose
The procedure is primarily used to determine the drug resistance profile of the HIV 1 virus in an infected individual. It helps healthcare providers choose the most effective antiretroviral medications, ensuring better management of the condition and increasing the chances of successful treatment.
Indications
- Patients diagnosed with HIV 1 infection.
- Individuals exhibiting signs of treatment failure or resistance.
- Initiation of a new antiretroviral therapy regimen.
- Patients with persistent viral loads despite ongoing treatment.
Preparation
- No specific fasting or dietary restrictions typically required.
- Blood sample collection may be necessary; follow standard instructions for blood draws.
- Patient's antiretroviral medication history might be reviewed prior to the procedure.
Procedure Description
- A blood sample is collected from the patient.
- The genetic material (DNA or RNA) of the HIV 1 virus is extracted from the sample.
- Laboratory tests, including tissue culture and nucleic acid amplification, are conducted to assess the viral genetic structure.
- Drug resistance tests are performed against various antiretroviral medications to determine the virus's resistance profile.
- Results are interpreted and used to guide treatment decisions.
Tools and Equipment:
- Blood collection kits.
- Nucleic acid extraction tools.
- Lab equipment for tissue culture and genetic analysis.
Anesthesia: Not applicable.
Duration
The entire process may take several days to weeks, depending on the complexity of tests.
Setting
The procedure is predominantly performed in specialized laboratories.
Personnel
- Phlebotomist (for blood sample collection).
- Medical laboratory technicians and molecular biologists (for analysis).
- Infectious disease specialists might be involved for result interpretation.
Risks and Complications
- Minor bruising or discomfort at the blood draw site.
- Rarely, inaccurate results due to sample contamination or technical errors, which might necessitate repeat testing.
Benefits
- Personalized and effective treatment plans.
- Improved management of HIV 1 infection.
- Better control of the viral load and reduced risk of developing drug resistance.
Recovery
- No specific recovery period required post-blood sample collection.
- Patients can resume normal activities immediately after the sample collection.
Alternatives
- Genotypic testing without phenotypic analysis.
- Phenotypic analysis without nucleic acid testing.
- Clinical observation and treatment adjustments based on symptomatic responses.
Pros:
- Comprehensive understanding of drug resistance.
- Personalized treatment regimens.
Cons:
- More costly and time-consuming than standard testing.
Patient Experience
Patients might feel a slight pain or pinch during the blood draw, and there could be minor bruising afterward. Overall, the procedure is minimally invasive with no significant discomfort.