87538 Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); HIV-2, amplified probe technique, includes reverse transcription when performed

Name of the Procedure:

HIV-2 Detection by Nucleic Acid Amplification (NAAT), Amplified Probe Technique including Reverse Transcription

Summary

This test detects the presence of HIV-2 infection by identifying its genetic material (RNA or DNA) using an advanced technique that amplifies the genetic material to make it easier to detect, even at low levels. Reverse transcription is used if RNA is being tested.

Purpose

This procedure aims to diagnose HIV-2 infection. Early and accurate detection helps in timely management and treatment of the infection, improving patient outcomes and limiting virus transmission.

Indications

The procedure is recommended for individuals who:

• Have symptoms suggestive of HIV infection.
• Have had potential exposure to HIV-2.
• Require confirmation of an indeterminate HIV antibody test.
• Are in a high-risk group for HIV infection.

Preparation

• No specific fasting or dietary restrictions are required.
• Patients should inform healthcare providers about any medications they are taking.
• Blood sample collection may involve routine blood tests to check overall health and rule out other conditions.

Procedure Description

1. A blood sample is drawn from the patient.
2. The sample undergoes nucleic acid extraction to isolate RNA/DNA.
3. If RNA is present, reverse transcription is applied to convert RNA to DNA.
4. The DNA is then amplified using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) techniques.
5. Probes specific to HIV-2 target sequences are used to detect and quantify the viral genetic material.

Tools and equipment used include syringes, PCR machines, and specialized reagents for nucleic acid extraction and amplification. This procedure does not typically require anesthesia or sedation.

Duration

The entire testing process usually takes a few hours, with results often available within a day.

Setting

The procedure is conducted in a clinical laboratory setting.

Personnel

• Phlebotomist or nurse for blood sample collection.
• Laboratory technicians and pathologists for sample processing and analysis.

Risks and Complications

• Common risk: Minor pain or bruising at the blood draw site.
• Rare risks: Infection at the puncture site.
• Laboratory errors, although rare, can occur and may necessitate a repeat test.

Benefits

• Early and accurate detection of HIV-2 infection.
• Helps in timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy.
• Reduces the risk of complications associated with untreated HIV-2.

Recovery

• The patient can resume normal activities immediately after blood collection.
• Follow post-collection instructions provided by the healthcare provider.
• A follow-up appointment may be necessary to discuss results and next steps.

Alternatives

• HIV-2 antibody tests, which may be less sensitive in early infection.
• HIV-1/HIV-2 differentiation immunoassays.
• These alternatives may have varying sensitivity and specificity compared to nucleic acid amplification tests.

Patient Experience

• During the procedure: Discomfort from blood draw, similar to any routine blood test.
• After the procedure: Minimal discomfort, can address with over-the-counter pain management if needed.
• Patients may experience anxiety while waiting for results and benefit from support and counseling.