87532 Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Herpes virus-6, amplified probe technique

Name of the Procedure:

Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Herpes virus-6, amplified probe technique

Summary

This procedure is a highly sensitive and specific test used to detect the presence of Herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) by amplifying its DNA or RNA. It uses an advanced technique known as the amplified probe technique to ensure accurate results.

Purpose

This test is performed to diagnose active or past infection with Herpes virus-6. The goal is to identify the presence of the virus's genetic material in the patient's sample, which helps guide appropriate treatment and management.

Indications

• Presence of symptoms suggestive of HHV-6 infection, such as high fever, rash, seizures, or encephalitis.
• Patients with weakened immune systems, such as transplant recipients or individuals with HIV/AIDS, where HHV-6 could cause complications.
• Unexplained symptoms in a patient where HHV-6 infection is suspected based on clinical evaluation.

Preparation

• No special preparation is typically required for the nucleic acid detection test.
• Patients may be advised to inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking.
• A sample of blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissue may need to be collected, depending on the suspected site of infection.

Procedure Description

1. A sample (typically blood or cerebrospinal fluid) is collected from the patient.
2. The sample is sent to a laboratory specialized in molecular diagnostics.
3. In the laboratory, the DNA or RNA from the sample is extracted.
4. The extracted nucleic acid is then subjected to a process called polymerase chain reaction (PCR) where the HHV-6 genetic material, if present, is amplified.
5. A specific probe is used to detect the amplified HHV-6 genetic material, confirming the presence of the virus.

Duration

The actual sample collection takes only a few minutes, but the laboratory analysis can take several hours to a few days.

Setting

• The sample collection is performed in a clinical setting such as a hospital or outpatient clinic.
• The analysis is conducted in a specialized diagnostic laboratory.

Personnel

• A healthcare provider (such as a nurse or phlebotomist) collects the sample.
• Laboratory technicians and molecular biologists perform the analysis.

Risks and Complications

• The main risk is related to sample collection, such as slight pain, bruising, or bleeding at the puncture site.
• Rarely, there can be an infection at the site where the sample was taken.

Benefits

• Accurate and early detection of HHV-6 infection to guide appropriate treatment.
• Helps in making informed decisions about patient care, especially in immunocompromised individuals.

Recovery

• Minimal to no recovery time required.
• Patients can usually resume normal activities immediately after sample collection.
• Follow-up may be necessary based on test results and clinical recommendations.

Alternatives

• Serologic tests to detect antibodies against HHV-6.
• Culture methods, although less sensitive and slower compared to nucleic acid amplification techniques.
• Imaging or biopsy in more severe cases, though these are more invasive.

Patient Experience

• Patients may feel a minor discomfort during sample collection, such as a needle prick.
• Anxiety while waiting for test results can be managed with support from healthcare providers.
• Pain management and comfort measures include standard blood draw protocols to minimize discomfort.