Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); gastrointestinal pathogen (eg, Clostridium difficile, E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, norovirus, Giardia), includes multiplex reverse transcription, when performed, and multiplex amplified probe tech
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Infectious Agent Detection by Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA); Gastrointestinal Pathogens Detection
Summary
This procedure involves detecting the presence of gastrointestinal pathogens (like bacteria, viruses, and parasites) by analyzing their genetic material (DNA or RNA) from a sample. It employs advanced techniques like multiplex reverse transcription and multiplex amplified probe technology, allowing simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens in a single test.
Purpose
This test addresses conditions caused by gastrointestinal pathogens such as Clostridium difficile, E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, norovirus, and Giardia. The goal is to identify the specific causative agents leading to gastrointestinal infections, facilitating accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Indications
- Symptoms of gastrointestinal infections, such as severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting.
- Patients with a history of recent travel to areas with poor sanitation.
- Outbreak investigation in community or healthcare settings.
Preparation
- No specific fasting or medication adjustments are generally required.
- Patients may need to provide a stool sample for analysis.
Procedure Description
- Collection of a stool sample from the patient.
- The sample is processed in a laboratory equipped with specialized tools and technology.
- Multiplex reverse transcription is performed if RNA pathogens are targeted, converting RNA into DNA.
- Multiplex amplified probe technology is used to amplify and detect the presence of specific genetic markers of various pathogens in the sample.
- Results are analyzed and reported by laboratory technicians and microbiologists.
Duration
The entire process, from sample collection to results, typically takes 1-3 days.
Setting
The sample is collected in a clinical setting, like a doctor's office, outpatient clinic, or hospital. The analytical process takes place in a specialized laboratory.
Personnel
- Laboratory technicians
- Microbiologists
- Clinical pathologists (for result interpretation)
- Primary care physicians or specialists (for ordering the test and discussing results)
Risks and Complications
- Minimal to no physical risk to the patient from the sample collection.
- Very low risk of specimen contamination.
Benefits
- Accurate and rapid identification of the causative pathogens.
- Enables targeted treatment which can improve patient outcomes and reduce unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Recovery
No recovery time is needed as this is a non-invasive procedure. Patients can resume normal activities immediately after providing the sample.
Alternatives
- Traditional stool culture tests: These may take longer but are widely available.
Antigen detection tests: Require less advanced equipment but may have lower sensitivity and specificity compared to nucleic acid-based tests.
Pros and Cons:
Nucleic acid-based tests are quicker and more accurate but may be more expensive compared to traditional methods.
Patient Experience
- Collection of a stool sample is the primary patient involvement, which can be mildly uncomfortable but generally well tolerated.
- Detailed instructions will be provided to ensure proper sample collection and handling.