Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Clostridium difficile, toxin gene(s), amplified probe technique
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Clostridium difficile, toxin gene(s), amplified probe technique Common Names: C. difficile DNA test, C. difficile nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)
Summary
This test detects the presence of Clostridium difficile toxin genes in a patient's stool sample using advanced DNA or RNA amplification techniques. It helps identify the bacterium responsible for certain gastrointestinal infections.
Purpose
The procedure aims to diagnose infections caused by Clostridium difficile. Identifying the bacteria's toxin genes helps healthcare providers determine the cause of severe diarrhea and intestinal inflammation, enabling targeted treatment to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Indications
- Persistent diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Recent antibiotic use
- History of gastrointestinal disorders
- Hospital-acquired infections
Preparation
- No special preparation is usually required.
- Patients may need to provide a stool sample, following specific collection instructions from their healthcare provider.
Procedure Description
- The patient provides a stool sample using a sterile collection kit.
- The sample is then sent to a laboratory.
- Laboratory technicians extract DNA or RNA from the sample.
- Using amplified probe technique, the DNA/RNA is amplified to detectable levels.
- Probes bind to specific sequences within the toxin genes if present.
- Results are then interpreted to determine the presence of C. difficile toxin genes.
Duration
The laboratory processing and analysis typically take a few hours to a couple of days, depending on the lab's workflow.
Setting
The procedure is conducted in a diagnostic laboratory after the patient provides a stool sample.
Personnel
- Laboratory technicians
- Microbiologists
- Healthcare providers who order and interpret the test results
Risks and Complications
- Risks are minimal as it is a non-invasive test.
- There may be rare issues with sample collection or contamination.
Benefits
- Accurate and rapid diagnosis of C. difficile infection.
- Facilitates targeted treatment, leading to quicker symptom relief.
- Helps prevent the spread of the infection to others.
Recovery
There is no recovery period since it is a non-invasive test. Patients can resume normal activities immediately after providing the sample.
Alternatives
- Stool culture: May take longer and is less specific.
- Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests: Can detect toxins but are less sensitive than NAAT.
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests: Another molecular method that can be used based on lab resources and requirements.
Patient Experience
Patients might feel discomfort only during the stool sample collection process. The test itself is painless and non-invasive. There is no need for pain management or specific comfort measures during or after the procedure.