Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for velocity flow mapping (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Velocity Flow Mapping (also known as Cardiac MRI Velocity Mapping)
Summary
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Velocity Flow Mapping is a non-invasive imaging procedure that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of the heart's structure and blood flow. This specific MRI technique focuses on measuring the velocity of blood flow through the heart and major vessels.
Purpose
The procedure is used to diagnose and evaluate various heart conditions:
- Assessing abnormal blood flow patterns.
- Diagnosing heart valve issues.
- Evaluating congenital heart defects. The goal is to provide detailed information about blood flow dynamics to tailor appropriate treatment plans.
Indications
This procedure is indicated for:
- Patients with suspected heart valve disorders.
- Individuals with congenital heart anomalies.
- Unexplained cardiac symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or palpitations.
- Pre-surgical assessment for heart surgeries.
Preparation
Patients are usually instructed to:
- Avoid eating or drinking for a few hours prior to the procedure.
- Remove any metallic objects and inform the technician of any metal implants.
- Undergo preliminary tests like EKG or blood work as advised by the physician.
- Continue or adjust medications as per the doctor’s instructions.
Procedure Description
- The patient lies on a movable MRI table.
- Electrodes may be placed on the chest to monitor heart activity.
- The table slides into a cylindrical MRI scanner.
- During the scan, the patient must remain still, holding their breath intermittently while images are captured.
- The MRI machine creates cross-sectional images and velocity flow maps using magnetic fields and radio waves.
- The procedure is painless and sedation is rarely required.
Duration
The procedure typically takes between 45 minutes to an hour.
Setting
Cardiac MRI for Velocity Flow Mapping is performed in a hospital's radiology or cardiology department, or in specialized outpatient imaging centers.
Personnel
The procedure involves:
- A radiologic technologist to operate the MRI machine.
- A cardiologist or radiologist specializing in cardiac imaging to interpret the results.
- Occasionally, a nurse or other support staff.
Risks and Complications
Common risks include:
- Claustrophobia or discomfort from lying still.
- Possible allergic reaction to contrast agents (if used). Rare complications:
- Very slight risk of complications from magnetic fields if metallic implants are present.
Benefits
The main benefits include:
- Highly detailed images of heart anatomy and blood flow.
- Non-invasive with no radiation exposure.
- Helps in accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plans. Benefits are realized immediately once the images are reviewed.
Recovery
Post-procedure care:
- Typically, no recovery time is needed.
- Patients can resume normal activities immediately. Follow-up:
- Review results in a follow-up appointment.
- Additional tests or treatments based on findings.
Alternatives
Alternatives include:
- Echocardiogram: uses ultrasound but offers less detailed images.
- CT Angiography: involves radiation exposure but is quicker.
- Cardiac Catheterization: invasive but provides direct measurements. Each alternative has its pros and cons in terms of accuracy, invasiveness, and patient suitability.
Patient Experience
During the procedure, patients might:
- Hear loud noises from the MRI machine, mitigated by earplugs or headphones.
- Feel mild discomfort from lying still. After the procedure:
- Generally, no significant discomfort or pain.
- Relief from receiving quick and accurate diagnostic information.