Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for morphology and function without contrast material
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for Morphology and Function without Contrast Material
Summary
Cardiac MRI without contrast is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the heart’s structure and function. Unlike traditional MRIs that often require a contrast dye, this procedure does not involve any injections.
Purpose
Medical Condition: This procedure is used to evaluate various heart conditions, including congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and valvular heart disease.
Goals/Outcomes: The goal is to accurately assess the heart’s anatomy and function to aid in diagnosis and planning treatment strategies.
Indications
- Unexplained chest pain
- Shortness of breath
- Suspected congenital heart defects
- Cardiomyopathy
- Valvular heart disease
- Prior abnormal echocardiogram results
Patient Criteria: Good candidates are those with symptoms suggestive of heart disease who cannot tolerate contrast agents or have contraindications for them.
Preparation
- No special preparation such as fasting is typically required.
- Patients should inform their doctor of any metal implants or claustrophobia.
- May need to remove metal objects and wear a hospital gown.
Procedure Description
- The patient lies flat on a motorized table that slides into the MRI scanner.
- Electrodes might be attached to monitor heart rate.
- The scanner uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images.
- The patient must remain still and may be asked to hold their breath briefly during the scan.
Tools/Equipment: MRI scanner, ECG electrodes.
Anesthesia/Sedation: Generally not required, but sedatives may be offered for patients with severe anxiety or claustrophobia.
Duration
The procedure typically takes between 30 to 60 minutes.
Setting
This procedure is performed in the radiology department of a hospital or at an outpatient imaging center.
Personnel
- Radiologist or cardiologist specializing in cardiac imaging
- MRI technologist
- Possibly a nurse or medical assistant
Risks and Complications
- Very low risk, as it involves no radiation or contrast dye.
- Rare complications might include anxiety or discomfort from remaining still.
Benefits
- Provides detailed images of the heart’s structure and function.
- Helps in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
- Non-invasive with no radiation exposure.
Recovery
- No recovery time needed; patients can usually return to normal activities immediately.
- Follow-up visits may be scheduled based on the imaging results.
Alternatives
- Echocardiogram: Less detailed but quicker and more accessible.
- CT Scan with contrast: Provides detailed images but involves radiation and contrast dye.
- Nuclear stress test: Provides different functional information but involves radioactive tracers.
Pros and Cons: Cardiac MRI offers detailed images without radiation but may be less accessible and more expensive than some alternatives.
Patient Experience
During the procedure, patients may hear loud thumping noises from the MRI machine but will be provided with earplugs or headphones. Some may feel anxiety or discomfort due to the confined space. Post-procedure, patients may resume their usual activities without restriction. Comfort measures and clear communication are key to a positive experience. Pain management is typically unnecessary for this non-invasive procedure.