95938 Short-latency somatosensory evoked potential study, stimulation of any/all peripheral nerves or skin sites, recording from the central nervous system; in upper and lower limbs

Name of the Procedure:

Short-latency Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SSEP) Study
Technical terms: SSEP, Somatosensory Evoked Potentials

Summary

A Short-latency Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SSEP) study measures the electrical activity in the brain and spinal cord after stimulating specific nerves in the upper and lower limbs. This helps to evaluate the function of neural pathways from the peripheral nerves to the brain.

Purpose

The primary purpose of an SSEP study is to detect abnormalities in the neural pathways. It helps diagnose and monitor conditions such as multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, and other disorders that affect the nervous system. The goal is to assess the integrity and functionality of sensory pathways.

Indications

• Unexplained numbness or tingling in the limbs
• Suspected nerve damage due to injury or disease
• Monitoring neural function during surgeries that could impact the nervous system
• Diagnostic evaluation for conditions like multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, or peripheral neuropathy

Preparation

• Patients may be advised to avoid caffeine and heavy meals prior to the procedure.
• Specific medications that could interfere with the test may need to be paused; consult your doctor for guidance.
• No additional diagnostic tests are usually required beforehand.

Procedure Description

1. Preparation: The patient is seated or lying down.
2. Electrode Placement: Small electrodes are placed on the skin over specific peripheral nerves (e.g., wrists, ankles) and on the scalp.
3. Stimulation: A small, brief electrical pulse is delivered through the electrodes to stimulate the nerves.
4. Recording: The electrodes on the scalp record the brain's responses to the stimuli.
5. Analysis: The recorded data are analyzed to assess the speed and strength of the neural responses.

Tools and equipment include surface electrodes, stimulators, and recording devices. The procedure is non-invasive, typically requiring no anesthesia or sedation.

Duration

The procedure typically takes between 30 to 60 minutes.

Setting

SSEP studies are usually performed in a hospital's neurophysiology lab or an outpatient clinic.

Personnel

• Neurologist or neurophysiologist
• Trained technician or technologist

Risks and Complications

• Generally considered very safe
• Rarely, patients might experience minor discomfort or skin irritation at the electrode sites.

Benefits

• Provides detailed information about the integrity of sensory pathways
• Helps in the early detection of neurological disorders
• Aids in surgical planning and intraoperative monitoring

Recovery

• No recovery time needed; patients can usually resume normal activities immediately.
• Follow-up appointments may be scheduled to discuss the results and any further steps.

Alternatives

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
• Nerve conduction studies (NCS)
• Each alternative has its own advantages, such as MRI providing anatomical images and NCS evaluating the health of specific nerves. However, none directly measure sensory pathway functionality like SSEP.

Patient Experience

• Patients may feel a slight tingling sensation from the electrical stimulation, which is generally well-tolerated.
• There might be slight discomfort from the electrodes, but pain is minimal and temporary.