Allergy testing, any combination of percutaneous (scratch, puncture, prick) and intracutaneous (intradermal), sequential and incremental, with drugs or biologicals, immediate type reaction, including test interpretation and report, specify number of tests
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Allergy Testing, any combination of Percutaneous (Scratch, Puncture, Prick) and Intracutaneous (Intradermal), Sequential and Incremental, with Drugs or Biologicals, Immediate Type Reaction, including Test Interpretation and Report, Specify Number of Tests.
Summary
Allergy testing is a method used to determine if a person has specific allergies. This involves different types of skin tests where small amounts of potential allergens are applied to the skin to observe if an allergic reaction occurs. The test results are interpreted and reported by a healthcare professional.
Purpose
The procedure helps diagnose allergic conditions and identifies specific allergens causing immediate hypersensitivity reactions. The primary goal is to help manage allergies by avoiding identified triggers and guiding potential treatments.
Indications
Allergy testing is indicated for individuals experiencing symptoms like itchy eyes, runny nose, sneezing, skin rashes, hives, or asthma attacks that may be related to allergens. It is appropriate for patients who have a history of allergic reactions and need to pinpoint the specific cause.
Preparation
Patients are advised to avoid antihistamines and certain other medications a few days prior to the test, as these can interfere with results. Patients must also inform their healthcare provider about any medications they are currently taking and any pre-existing conditions they have.
Procedure Description
- Consultation: Initial assessment and selection of allergens to be tested.
- Percutaneous Testing: Small amounts of allergens are applied on the skin via scratch, puncture, or prick method.
- Intracutaneous Testing: Tiny amounts of allergens are injected just under the skin.
- Observation: The skin is observed for immediate reactions, typically occurring within 15-20 minutes.
- Interpretation: The size of any raised, red itchy areas (wheals) and surrounding redness (flares) is measured.
- Report: Results are recorded and discussed with the patient.
Tools include small needles or lancets, allergen extracts, and measuring devices. Anesthesia is not required.
Duration
The entire procedure typically takes about 30-60 minutes.
Setting
The procedure is performed in an outpatient clinic or an allergy specialist's office.
Personnel
Allergy testing is usually conducted by an allergist or a trained nurse under the supervision of an allergist.
Risks and Complications
Common risks include localized itching, redness, and minor swelling at test sites. Rarely, systemic reactions such as anaphylaxis can occur, requiring immediate medical attention.
Benefits
The primary benefit is identifying specific allergens causing reactions, enabling personalized allergy management. Results are generally available immediately after testing.
Recovery
Patients can resume normal activities immediately after the procedure. Itching and redness should subside within a few hours. Follow-up appointments may be scheduled to discuss detailed management plans.
Alternatives
Alternatives include blood tests such as the RAST (Radioallergosorbent test), though these may be less precise than skin testing. Symptom diaries and elimination diets are non-invasive options but typically take longer to yield results.
Patient Experience
Patients might feel slight discomfort from the skin pricks but usually do not experience significant pain. Itching and minor swelling at test sites are common but temporary. Healthcare professionals provide measures to maximize comfort and manage any immediate reactions effectively.