91111 Gastrointestinal tract imaging, intraluminal (eg, capsule endoscopy), esophagus with interpretation and report

Name of the Procedure:

Gastrointestinal Tract Imaging, Intraluminal (e.g., Capsule Endoscopy), Esophagus with Interpretation and Report

Summary

This procedure involves swallowing a small, pill-sized camera that takes thousands of pictures as it passes through your esophagus, providing a detailed view of the internal lining. The images help doctors identify abnormalities such as inflammation, ulcers, or tumors.

Purpose

This procedure addresses various conditions affecting the esophagus, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett’s esophagus, esophagitis, and unexplained chest pain. The goal is to obtain high-resolution images of the esophageal lining to diagnose and assess the severity of these conditions accurately.

Indications

• Chronic GERD symptoms
• Unexplained chest pain
• Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
• Suspicion of Barrett's esophagus
• Esophageal bleeding
• Pre-cancerous or cancerous conditions

Preparation

• Fast for at least 8 hours prior to the procedure.
• Avoid certain medications as instructed by your doctor.
• Undergo any necessary pre-procedure tests, such as blood work or imaging studies.

Procedure Description

1. The patient swallows a capsule containing a tiny camera.
2. As the capsule travels down the esophagus, it takes thousands of photographs.
3. The images are transmitted wirelessly to a recorder worn by the patient.
4. After passing through the esophagus, the capsule naturally exits the body in the stool.
5. The recorded images are then downloaded and reviewed by a gastroenterologist who provides a detailed report.

Tools: Capsule endoscopy camera, data recorder.

Anesthesia: Typically, no anesthesia or sedation is required.

Duration

The capsule takes about 20 minutes to travel through the esophagus, but the total monitoring period may last up to 8 hours until the capsule leaves the body.

Setting

The procedure is usually performed in an outpatient clinic or a hospital's gastroenterology department.

Personnel

• Gastroenterologist
• Nurse or medical technician

Risks and Complications

Common risks:

• Temporary abdominal discomfort

Rare risks:

• Capsule retention, especially in individuals with strictures or narrowing of the gastrointestinal tract

Management: Further medical or surgical intervention may be needed if the capsule gets stuck.

Benefits

• Non-invasive, providing detailed images without discomfort.
• Early and accurate diagnosis of esophageal conditions.
• Helps tailor effective treatment plans.

Recovery

Post-procedure care:

• Resume normal diet and activities immediately unless otherwise instructed.
• Drink plenty of water to help expel the capsule.

Expected recovery time:

• Immediate; no downtime required.

Any restrictions:

• Follow any specific instructions from your healthcare provider.
• Attend follow-up appointments as necessary.

Alternatives

• Traditional endoscopy: A more invasive procedure involving a flexible tube with a camera.

• Barium swallow test: X-ray imaging after ingesting a barium solution, less detailed.

  Pros and cons:

• Traditional endoscopy allows for biopsies but can be more uncomfortable.
• Barium swallow is less detailed and does not allow for immediate treatment like biopsy.

Patient Experience

During the procedure, you may feel normal or slightly uncomfortable as you swallow the capsule. After swallowing, you can go about your daily activities. Most patients report minimal discomfort, and the procedure's non-invasiveness makes it a preferred option for esophageal imaging.