Semen analysis; volume, count, motility, and differential
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Semen Analysis; Semen Volume, Sperm Count, Sperm Motility, Sperm Differential
Summary
A semen analysis is a series of tests done on a man's semen to assess fertility. It measures several factors, including the volume of semen, the number of sperm, their motility (movement), and their morphology (shape and structure).
Purpose
- To evaluate a man's fertility and ability to reproduce.
- To diagnose potential causes of male infertility.
- To monitor the success of vasectomy or vasectomy reversal procedures.
- To check the effectiveness of treatments for conditions affecting male fertility.
Indications
- Difficulty in conceiving a child after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse.
- Pre-evaluation prior to assisting reproductive techniques like IVF (In Vitro Fertilization).
- Post-vasectomy check to ensure no sperm are present.
- Suspicion of male reproductive system abnormalities.
Preparation
- Abstain from ejaculation for 2 to 7 days before the test for optimal results.
- Avoid alcohol, caffeine, recreational drugs, and hot baths/saunas for 2-5 days.
- Inform the healthcare provider of any medications being taken.
Procedure Description
- Sample Collection: The male patient collects a semen sample in a sterile container by masturbating, usually in a private room at the clinic or hospital.
- Laboratory Analysis: The collected semen is delivered to a lab, ideally within one hour of collection. The lab technician will then:
- Measure the semen volume.
- Count the number of sperm (sperm concentration).
- Assess the sperm motility (percentage of moving sperm).
- Examine the sperm morphology (sperm shape) and differential.
Duration
The collection process takes a few minutes, while the lab analysis can take several hours to a day.
Setting
The procedure is typically performed in an outpatient clinic or a specialized fertility or andrology lab.
Personnel
- Reproductive endocrinologist or urologist
- Laboratory technician specialized in semen analysis
Risks and Complications
- Discomfort or stress associated with collecting the sample.
- Risk of sample contamination or improper collection, affecting the accuracy of results.
Benefits
- Accurate assessment of male fertility.
- Identification of issues that may be addressed to improve chances of conception.
- Information that guides further medical or reproductive treatments.
Recovery
- No significant recovery time is needed.
- Normal activities can be resumed immediately after sample collection.
- Follow-up with the healthcare provider to review the results and discuss next steps.
Alternatives
- Advanced sperm function tests (e.g., sperm DNA fragmentation tests).
- Assisted reproductive techniques (e.g., intrauterine insemination (IUI), IVF).
- Adoption or sperm donor options if infertility is confirmed and cannot be treated.
Patient Experience
- Collection may feel awkward or embarrassing but is usually straightforward.
- Minimal discomfort.
- Results review will provide an understanding of fertility status and future options.