Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), not otherwise specified; direct probe technique, each organism
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Infectious Agent Detection by Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA), Direct Probe Technique
Summary
This procedure involves detecting infectious agents, such as bacteria or viruses, by identifying their specific genetic material (DNA or RNA). A direct probe technique is used, which means a sample from the patient is directly examined for the presence of the pathogen's genetic code.
Purpose
The procedure is used to diagnose infections caused by various bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens. It helps healthcare providers identify the specific organism responsible for an infection, which can guide more effective treatment plans.
Indications
- Persistent or severe symptoms of infection (fever, fatigue, abnormal discharge)
- Unexplained illness not responding to standard treatments
- High-risk exposures (e.g., potential exposure to HIV, HPV, or other infectious agents)
- Monitoring for specific infections in immunocompromised patients
Preparation
- No specific fasting or dietary restrictions typically required.
- Patients may need to avoid certain medications before the procedure, depending on the specific infection being tested for.
- Basic health evaluation and consent form completion.
Procedure Description
- A sample is collected from the patient, which may involve a blood draw, swab of the affected area, or other methods depending on the infection site.
- The sample is then processed in a lab where nucleic acid extraction is performed.
- A labeled probe that is complementary to the suspected pathogen's nucleic acid sequence is added to the sample.
- If the pathogen's genetic material is present, it hybridizes with the probe, signaling a positive detection.
- Results are analyzed and reported back to the healthcare provider.
Duration
The sample collection takes a few minutes. Lab processing and analysis typically take a few hours to a couple of days, depending on the pathogen.
Setting
Samples are usually collected in outpatient clinics, hospitals, or specialized diagnostic centers. The lab analysis is performed in a specialized clinical laboratory.
Personnel
- Nurse or phlebotomist (for sample collection)
- Lab technician or molecular biologist (for sample processing)
- Physician or specialist for interpretation of results
Risks and Complications
- Minor discomfort or bruising at the sample collection site
- Very rare risk of infection from the sample collection process
- False positives/negatives, though accuracy is generally high
Benefits
- Accurate identification of the specific infectious agent
- Faster diagnosis compared to traditional culture methods
- Guides targeted treatment, improving outcomes
- Particularly useful for detecting hard-to-culture organisms
Recovery
- Minimal recovery needed as the procedure is generally non-invasive.
- Follow-up care based on the results of the test.
- Instructions on any medication changes or treatments if an infection is detected.
Alternatives
- Traditional culture methods: take longer and may not detect all pathogens.
- Antigen/antibody testing: provides indirect evidence of infection and may be less specific.
- Symptoms-based treatment: less precise compared to targeted diagnostics.
Patient Experience
- Mild discomfort during sample collection (e.g., nasal swab or blood draw).
- No pain associated with the lab analysis.
- Anxiety relief upon receiving specific and accurate diagnosis with tailored treatment plan.
Pain management and comfort measures are typically unnecessary beyond mild reassurance during sample collection.