Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Human Papillomavirus (HPV), high-risk types (eg, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68)
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Infectious Agent Detection by Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA); Human Papillomavirus (HPV), High-Risk Types
Also known as: HPV DNA Test, High-Risk HPV Screening
Summary
The HPV DNA test is a procedure that detects the presence of high-risk types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the body. This is done through advanced molecular techniques that identify the DNA or RNA of the virus, specifically targeting types known to cause cervical cancer.
Purpose
The procedure is used to screen for high-risk HPV types that may lead to cervical cancer. The goal is to identify these high-risk infections early, allowing for timely intervention and treatment to prevent cervical cancer development.
Indications
- Women aged 30 and older as part of routine cervical cancer screening.
- Women with abnormal Pap test results.
- Monitoring after treatment for cervical precancer or cancer.
- Women with certain risk factors, like a weakened immune system or HIV.
Preparation
- No special preparation is usually required.
- Patients are advised to avoid using vaginal medications, douches, or spermicidal foams for 48 hours before the test.
- They should not schedule the test during their menstrual period.
Procedure Description
- Sample Collection: A healthcare provider collects a sample of cells from the cervix using a swab or brush, similar to a Pap smear.
- Sample Processing: The sample is sent to a lab where it undergoes nucleic acid amplification to detect high-risk HPV types like 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68.
Duration
The sample collection takes about 5-10 minutes. Lab analysis may take several days.
Setting
The sample collection is typically performed in a physician's office, outpatient clinic, or women's health center.
Personnel
- Physician or nurse practitioner for sample collection.
- Laboratory technologist for sample analysis.
Risks and Complications
- Very low-risk procedure.
- Mild discomfort or cramping during sample collection.
- Rarely, light spotting post-procedure.
Benefits
- Early detection of high-risk HPV types.
- Reduces the risk of developing cervical cancer through early intervention.
- Provides peace of mind if results are negative.
Recovery
- No recovery time needed.
- Patients can resume normal activities immediately after the sample collection.
- Follow-up depends on results and may include repeat testing, Pap smears, or colposcopy.
Alternatives
- Pap smear (cytology): Detects cellular changes but not specific HPV types.
- Co-testing (Pap smear + HPV test): Combined approach for increased accuracy.
Patient Experience
- During sample collection, patients may feel mild discomfort similar to a Pap smear.
- Post-procedure cramping or spotting is rare but possible.
- Results typically discussed in a follow-up appointment, with advice given based on findings.