Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Candida species, quantification
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Candida species, quantification
Summary
This test detects and measures the amount of Candida species' genetic material (DNA or RNA) present in the body. Candida is a type of fungus that can cause infections, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems.
Purpose
The procedure is used to diagnose Candida infections and to monitor the severity and response to treatment. By quantifying the presence of Candida species, healthcare providers can tailor treatment plans more effectively.
Indications
- Persistent infections despite antibiotic treatment
- Symptoms such as persistent fever, chills, or other signs of systemic infection
- Immunocompromised patients who are at higher risk of fungal infections
- Patients suspected to have invasive candidiasis
Preparation
- No specific fasting or dietary restrictions are required.
- Inform the healthcare provider of all medications currently being taken.
- No specific diagnostic tests are generally required beforehand, but the physician may order other relevant tests based on the patient's condition.
Procedure Description
- Sample Collection: Blood, tissue, or other body fluid samples are collected from the patient.
- Nucleic Acid Extraction: DNA or RNA is extracted from the sample.
- Amplification and Quantification: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) or similar techniques are used to amplify Candida DNA/RNA. Quantification of the genetic material determines the level of infection.
- Analysis: The results are analyzed and interpreted to provide a clear picture of the presence and extent of the Candida infection.
Typically, the extraction and amplification processes require specialized laboratory equipment and reagents. No anesthesia or sedation is required as it is a non-invasive procedure involving sample collection.
Duration
The actual sampling takes just a few minutes. Lab processing and analysis generally take a few hours to a couple of days.
Setting
Sample collection can be performed in various settings such as a hospital, outpatient clinic, or laboratory. The analysis is carried out in specialized laboratories.
Personnel
- Phlebotomist or nurse for sample collection
- Laboratory technologists for sample processing and analysis
- Healthcare provider for interpreting results
Risks and Complications
- Minimal risk associated with sample collection (e.g., slight pain, bruising at the blood draw site)
- Extremely low risk of complications
Benefits
- Accurate diagnosis of Candida infections
- Helps in tailoring effective treatment plans
- Quick turnaround time for test results
Recovery
- No significant recovery required post-sample collection
- Normal activities can usually be resumed immediately
- Follow-up may be required based on results and treatment
Alternatives
- Culture tests for Candida species (may take longer for results)
- Serological tests (less specific or sensitive compared to nucleic acid testing)
- Empirical treatment based on clinical diagnosis (without precise quantification)
Patient Experience
- Mild discomfort during sample collection (e.g., blood draw)
- Pain management is not typically needed
- Overall, minimal impact on patient's day-to-day activities on the day of the procedure