87272 Infectious agent antigen detection by immunofluorescent technique; cryptosporidium

Name of the Procedure:

Infectious agent antigen detection by immunofluorescent technique; cryptosporidium

Summary

This procedure detects the presence of Cryptosporidium, a parasite that causes gastrointestinal illness, using a special fluorescent staining technique.

Purpose

The test aims to identify Cryptosporidium infection, which is crucial for diagnosing gastrointestinal symptoms such as severe diarrhea. Early detection can guide appropriate treatment to alleviate symptoms and prevent further spread.

Indications

• Persistent diarrhea
• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Nausea and vomiting
• Recent travel to areas with poor sanitation
• Immunocompromised patients with gastrointestinal issues

Preparation

• No specific preparation is typically required.
• Patients may be asked to provide a stool sample.

Procedure Description

1. A stool sample is collected from the patient.
2. The sample is prepared by placing a small amount on a microscope slide.
3. Special fluorescent dyes are added that bind specifically to Cryptosporidium antigens.
4. The slide is examined under a fluorescence microscope by a trained technician.
5. The presence of fluorescent-stained Cryptosporidium oocysts indicates a positive result.

Duration

The procedure itself takes about 1-2 hours, but results may take a day or so to be reported.

Setting

Typically performed in a laboratory setting.

Personnel

• Medical laboratory technician or technologist
• Clinical laboratory scientist
• Pathologist (for interpretation, if needed)

Risks and Complications

• There are minimal risks as the procedure is non-invasive.
• False positives or negatives can occur but are relatively rare when performed correctly.

Benefits

• Accurate and rapid identification of Cryptosporidium infection.
• Guides appropriate treatment strategies to alleviate symptoms.
• Helps in preventing the spread of the infection.

Recovery

• No recovery time is needed as it is a diagnostic test.
• Patients can return to normal activities immediately after providing a sample.

Alternatives

• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Cryptosporidium
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests
• Microscopic examination using other staining techniques
• Each alternative has varying degrees of sensitivity, speed, and cost.

Patient Experience

• The only discomfort may come from the stool collection process.
• The actual detection process is done in the lab and involves no discomfort for the patient.
• Patients will be informed of their results usually within a day.