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Smear, primary source with interpretation; wet mount for infectious agents (eg, saline, India ink, KOH preps)
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Smear, Primary Source with Interpretation; Wet Mount for Infectious Agents (e.g., saline, India ink, KOH preps)
Summary
A smear, primary source with interpretation using a wet mount, is a diagnostic test performed to identify infectious agents such as bacteria, fungi, or parasites. The sample from the affected area is mixed with different solutions and examined under a microscope.
Purpose
This procedure is used to diagnose infections caused by microorganisms. The goal is to identify the specific infectious agent present so appropriate treatment can be designed.
Indications
- Unexplained itching, redness, or inflammation
- Unusual discharge or lesions
- Other symptoms suggestive of infection, particularly in the skin, genitals, or respiratory tract
- Patients with a weakened immune system
Preparation
- No specific preparation is typically required.
- The healthcare provider may instruct the patient to avoid applying lotions, ointments, or creams to affected areas before the test.
- Inform the provider of any current medications or underlying conditions.
Procedure Description
- A sample is collected from the affected area using a swab or scraping tool.
- The sample is placed on a glass slide.
- Different preparations—saline for general visualization, India ink for detecting encapsulated organisms, or potassium hydroxide (KOH) for fungal detection—are added to the slide.
- The slide is examined under a microscope by a healthcare professional.
- The provider interprets the findings to identify any infectious agents.
Duration
The procedure typically takes around 10-20 minutes.
Setting
The procedure is usually performed in a clinic, doctor's office, or hospital laboratory.
Personnel
- Physician or nurse practitioner for sample collection
- Laboratory technician or pathologist for slide preparation and interpretation
Risks and Complications
- Minor discomfort during sample collection
- In rare cases, mild bleeding or irritation
- Very low risk of misdiagnosis if sample is inadequate or controls are not properly used
Benefits
- Rapid identification of the infectious agent
- Timely and appropriate treatment initiation
- Non-invasive and relatively simple procedure
Recovery
- Immediate return to normal activities
- Follow any specific care instructions provided by the healthcare professional
- Adherence to prescribed treatments based on findings
Alternatives
- Culture tests, which may take longer to yield results
- Molecular tests such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction), which can be more expensive
- Biopsies for tissue samples, which are more invasive
Patient Experience
- Slight discomfort or mild pain during sample collection
- No significant pain or discomfort post-procedure
- Sensation of wet or cold on the application site due to the preparation solutions
- Pain management is usually not required, but over-the-counter pain relief can be used if needed