Antibody identification; platelet associated immunoglobulin assay
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Antibody Identification; Platelet Associated Immunoglobulin Assay (PAIgG Assay)
Summary
The Platelet Associated Immunoglobulin Assay (PAIgG) is a blood test used to identify specific antibodies that are attached to the platelets in your blood. These antibodies can cause your immune system to mistakenly attack and destroy your platelets, which are essential for blood clotting.
Purpose
This test is primarily used to diagnose conditions where the immune system is attacking the platelets, such as Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP). The goals are to confirm the presence of platelet-associated antibodies, understand the cause of low platelet counts, and guide appropriate treatment.
Indications
- Unexplained low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia)
- Symptoms of excessive bleeding or bruising
- Conditions such as ITP or other autoimmune disorders
- Pre-surgical evaluation in patients with known or suspected platelet abnormalities
Preparation
- There are no specific dietary restrictions or fasting requirements before the test.
- Inform your doctor about any medications you are taking, as some medications can affect platelet function.
Procedure Description
- A blood sample is drawn from a vein, typically in the arm.
- The blood sample is sent to a laboratory where it is tested for antibodies that are bound to the platelets.
- Laboratory techniques such as flow cytometry or immunofluorescence may be used to detect and measure the antibodies.
Duration
The blood draw itself takes only a few minutes. The overall time including preparation and post-draw observation is typically less than 30 minutes. Lab analysis may take several days.
Setting
The blood draw is performed in a healthcare setting such as a hospital, outpatient clinic, or a laboratory.
Personnel
- A phlebotomist or nurse will perform the blood draw.
- Laboratory technicians or medical technologists will conduct the antibody assay.
Risks and Complications
- Minor discomfort or pain at the blood draw site
- Bruising or hematoma at the puncture site
- Rare chance of infection or excessive bleeding
Benefits
- Accurate diagnosis of platelet-associated immune disorders
- Facilitates targeted treatment plans
- Helps in monitoring the effectiveness of therapy for conditions like ITP
Recovery
- Minimal recovery is required after the blood draw.
- Some patients may experience slight bruising or tenderness at the puncture site, which typically resolves within a few days.
Alternatives
- Bone marrow biopsy: More invasive, used when additional information is needed
- Platelet count and other standard blood tests: Provide general platelet information but do not detect specific antibodies
Patient Experience
- During the blood draw, a slight prick or pinch may be felt.
- Mild soreness or bruising can occur at the puncture site.
- Most patients can resume normal activities immediately after the procedure. Pain management is rarely necessary.