Blood count; blood smear, microscopic examination with manual differential WBC count
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Blood count; blood smear, microscopic examination with manual differential WBC count. Commonly referred to as a Manual Differential Blood Smear.
Summary
A blood smear is a test where a sample of blood is spread on a microscope slide and stained, then examined under a microscope by a lab technician. This allows for the detailed analysis of blood cells, including types and numbers of white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), and platelets.
Purpose
This procedure is used to diagnose and monitor various conditions, such as infections, anemia, blood disorders, and hematologic cancers. The goal is to provide a detailed count and evaluation of blood cells to aid in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
Indications
- Symptoms like unexplained fever, fatigue, or bruising
- Suspected infections or inflammation
- Monitoring of known blood disorders (e.g., leukemia, anemia)
- Abnormal results from automated blood tests
Preparation
Most patients do not need special preparation. However, fasting may be required if the blood test is part of a series of tests that require it. Follow your healthcare provider's instructions regarding any medication adjustments.
Procedure Description
- A blood sample is drawn, usually from a vein in the arm.
- A drop of blood is placed on a glass slide.
- The slide is smeared to create a thin layer of blood.
- The slide is stained to highlight the cells.
- A lab technician examines the slide under a microscope, manually counting and assessing the different types of WBCs and other blood cells.
Tools Used:
- Microscope slides and cover slips
- Staining reagents
- Microscope
No anesthesia or sedation is required.
Duration
The blood draw takes a few minutes, while the preparation and examination of the slide can take up to an hour depending on the complexity.
Setting
The blood sample is typically drawn in a clinic or hospital. The microscopic examination is done in a laboratory.
Personnel
- Phlebotomist or nurse for the blood draw
- Laboratory technician or hematologist for the microscopic examination
Risks and Complications
- Mild bruising or discomfort at the blood draw site
- Rarely, infection or excessive bleeding at the puncture site
Benefits
- Provides detailed information on blood cell types and counts
- Helps diagnose various medical conditions
- Guides treatment decisions Results are usually available within a few days.
Recovery
No specific recovery is required. You may have slight soreness at the blood draw site. Normal activities can usually be resumed immediately.
Alternatives
- Automated blood tests: Offers a quicker, less detailed analysis.
- Bone marrow biopsy: More invasive, used in specific cases for a detailed diagnosis.
Each alternative has its own set of advantages and limitations, depending on the patient's condition and the required detail of analysis.
Patient Experience
The blood draw may cause minor discomfort. Most patients do not feel anything during the microscopic examination since it is performed on the blood sample already taken. Pain management is usually not necessary, but you may apply a cold pack to the blood draw site if there is any discomfort.