Amniotic fluid scan (spectrophotometric)
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Amniotic Fluid Scan (Spectrophotometric)
- Common Names: Amniotic Fluid Test, Amniocentesis Spectrophotometry
Summary
An amniotic fluid scan, or spectrophotometric analysis, is a diagnostic procedure used to analyze the amniotic fluid surrounding a fetus within the uterine cavity. This procedure measures specific substances in the fluid to assess fetal well-being and detect certain conditions.
Purpose
The procedure addresses concerns regarding the health and development of the fetus. It is commonly used to:
- Detect genetic disorders and chromosomal abnormalities.
- Assess fetal lung maturity.
- Diagnose infections.
- Monitor and manage high-risk pregnancies.
Indications
- Pregnant women over 35 years old.
- Previous child or family history of genetic disorders.
- Abnormal results from other prenatal screenings.
- Symptoms suggesting fetal distress or growth abnormalities.
- Rh-sensitized pregnancies.
Preparation
- No special dietary restrictions or fasting required.
- Possible ultrasound prior to procedure to locate the fetus and amniotic fluid pockets.
- Patient should inform the doctor of any medications, allergies, or pre-existing medical conditions.
Procedure Description
- The patient lies on an examination table, and the abdomen is cleaned and sterilized.
- Using ultrasound guidance, a thin needle is inserted through the abdominal wall into the amniotic sac.
- A small amount of amniotic fluid is withdrawn for analysis.
- The fluid is sent to a laboratory for spectrophotometric analysis, which measures the concentration of specific substances.
There is no need for anesthesia, but a local anesthetic can be used to numb the insertion site if necessary.
Duration
The procedure typically takes about 20-30 minutes.
Setting
Amniotic fluid scans are usually performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or specialized prenatal diagnostic center.
Personnel
- Obstetrician/Gynecologist (OB/GYN) or Maternal-Fetal Medicine Specialist
- Ultrasound Technician
- Nurse or Medical Assistant
Risks and Complications
- Cramping or discomfort at the site of needle insertion.
- Slight risk of miscarriage (less than 1%).
- Infection.
- Leakage of amniotic fluid.
- Injury to the fetus (extremely rare with ultrasound guidance).
Benefits
- Early detection of fetal abnormalities and genetic disorders.
- Ability to make informed decisions regarding pregnancy management.
- Improved monitoring and management of high-risk pregnancies.
- Results are usually available within a few days to a week.
Recovery
- Patients may experience mild cramping or spotting for a day or two.
- Avoid strenuous activities and heavy lifting for 24 hours.
- Follow-up appointments may be scheduled based on the test results and pregnancy progress.
Alternatives
- Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT): A blood test from the mother that carries no risk of miscarriage, but may not be as comprehensive.
- Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): An earlier alternative to amniocentesis, but carries similar risks.
- Ultrasound only: Less invasive but provides limited information.
Patient Experience
Patients may feel slight discomfort or pressure during needle insertion. After the procedure, mild cramping is common. Rest and relaxation are encouraged, and over-the-counter pain relief can be used if needed. Healthcare providers will offer advice on how to manage any discomfort and ensure a swift recovery.