Echocardiography, fetal, cardiovascular system, real time with image documentation (2D), with or without M-mode recording
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Echocardiography, fetal, cardiovascular system, real-time with image documentation (2D), with or without M-mode recording
Common name(s): Fetal Echocardiogram, 2D Fetal Echocardiography, Real-Time Cardiac Ultrasound for Fetus
Summary
A fetal echocardiogram is a specialized ultrasound performed during pregnancy to assess the cardiac structure and functioning of the developing fetus. It uses sound waves to create detailed, real-time images of the fetal heart, allowing healthcare providers to evaluate for congenital heart defects and other cardiovascular conditions.
Purpose
- Conditions Addressed: Congenital heart disease, arrhythmias, and other structural heart anomalies in the fetus.
- Goals/Outcomes: Early detection of heart issues to allow for better prenatal care, planning for delivery, and preparation for potential postnatal interventions.
Indications
- Family history of congenital heart disease
- Abnormalities detected in a routine prenatal ultrasound
- Pregnant patient with certain medical conditions like diabetes or lupus
- Fetal genetic conditions associated with heart problems
- Exposure to drugs or infections that might affect fetal heart development
Preparation
- No specific fasting or medication adjustments required
- Typically, no other diagnostic tests are needed beforehand
- The patient should bring any relevant medical history and previous ultrasound results
Procedure Description
- The patient lies on an examination table.
- A clear gel is applied to the abdominal area to facilitate sound wave transmission.
- A transducer (ultrasound device) is moved across the abdomen to capture images of the fetal heart.
- If necessary, M-mode recording may be used for more detailed analysis of cardiac motion.
- The procedure is usually non-invasive and painless, but slight pressure from the transducer may be felt.
Duration
The procedure typically takes between 30 minutes to 1 hour.
Setting
A fetal echocardiogram is performed in a prenatal diagnostic center, hospital, or outpatient clinic with specialized ultrasound equipment.
Personnel
- Sonographer trained in fetal echocardiography
- Pediatric cardiologist or maternal-fetal medicine specialist for interpretation of results
Risks and Complications
- Common Risks: There are no known risks, as the procedure is non-invasive and uses sound waves, not radiation.
- Rare Risks: Occasionally, there may be mild discomfort from the pressure of the transducer on the abdomen.
Benefits
- Expected Benefits: Early detection and diagnosis of fetal heart conditions, informed decision-making regarding prenatal and postnatal care.
- Timeline for Benefits: Immediate understanding of fetal heart health following the procedure.
Recovery
- Post-Procedure Care: No specific care is needed after the procedure.
- Recovery Time: Immediate return to normal activities.
- Follow-Up: Based on findings, additional imaging or specialist consultations may be recommended.
Alternatives
- Routine prenatal ultrasounds which may not be as detailed for cardiac evaluation.
- Genetic testing and amniocentesis for broader screening (though not focused on cardiac defects).
- MRI or advanced imaging techniques, which may be used in specific or complex cases.
Patient Experience
- During the Procedure: The patient may feel mild pressure but generally will not experience pain. Comfort measures such as pillows may be used.
- After the Procedure: There is typically no discomfort, and normal activities can be resumed immediately.