Computed tomography, thorax, low dose for lung cancer screening, without contrast material(s)
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Computed Tomography (CT) of the Thorax, Low Dose for Lung Cancer Screening, Without Contrast Material(s)
Summary
A low-dose computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest is a special type of X-ray that produces detailed, cross-sectional images of the lungs to screen for signs of lung cancer. This procedure does not use contrast material, making it a simpler and quicker process compared to traditional CT scans with contrast.
Purpose
The main purpose of a low-dose CT scan of the thorax is to detect lung cancer at an early stage, when it is more likely to be treated successfully. Screening is aimed particularly at high-risk individuals to decrease the mortality rate from lung cancer by identifying abnormalities early.
Indications
- Individuals aged 50-80 years
- A current or former smoker with a history of heavy smoking (30 pack-years or more)
- Those who have quit smoking within the last 15 years
- Patients with a family history of lung cancer
- People exposed to known carcinogens like asbestos or radon
Preparation
- Wear loose, comfortable clothing. Metal objects such as jewelry may need to be removed.
- No fasting or specific medication adjustments are required.
- Inform the healthcare provider if there is a possibility of pregnancy.
Procedure Description
- The patient will lie on a motorized table that slides through the CT scanner.
- The technician may ask the patient to hold their breath for short periods to ensure clear images.
- The CT scanner takes multiple X-ray images from different angles, which are then compiled by a computer to create detailed cross-sectional images.
- The entire scan is performed without the use of contrast material, reducing preparation time and complexity.
Duration
The procedure typically takes about 10-15 minutes.
Setting
The procedure is usually performed in an outpatient imaging center or a hospital radiology department.
Personnel
- Radiologic Technologist to operate the CT scanner
- Radiologist to interpret the scan results
- Referring physician for follow-up care
Risks and Complications
- Minimal exposure to radiation, though at a low dose.
- Small risk of false positives or false negatives, which could lead to additional tests or undiagnosed lung cancer.
- Very rare risk of allergic reaction if any previous contrast exposure is relevant (though not applicable in this procedure).
Benefits
- Early detection of lung cancer, which significantly improves survival rates.
- Non-invasive and relatively quick procedure without the need for contrast material.
- Provides detailed images that can help in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
Recovery
- No specific recovery measures required; patients can resume normal activities immediately after the procedure.
- Results are usually available within a few days; follow-up appointments may be scheduled to discuss findings.
Alternatives
- Traditional chest X-ray, though less detailed and not as effective for early lung cancer detection.
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan, often more detailed but involves higher radiation doses and contrast material.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan, which does not involve radiation but is less common for lung cancer screening.
Patient Experience
- The procedure is typically painless.
- Patients might feel some anxiety during the scan due to the enclosed space of the scanner.
- There is no discomfort after the scan, and normal activities can be resumed immediately.