Replacement, irrigation or revision of lumbosubarachnoid shunt
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Replacement, Irrigation, or Revision of Lumbosubarachnoid Shunt (also known as Lumbar Shunt Revision)
Summary
A lumbar shunt is a device implanted to divert cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the spinal subarachnoid space to another part of the body, such as the peritoneal cavity, to relieve pressure and manage certain medical conditions. The replacement, irrigation, or revision of a lumbosubarachnoid shunt involves repairing or updating the shunt system to ensure it functions properly.
Purpose
The procedure addresses issues like shunt malfunction, infection, blockage, or any other problem with the lumbar shunt system. The goal is to restore proper CSF flow, alleviate symptoms, and prevent complications associated with improper CSF drainage.
Indications
- Symptoms such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, or vision problems indicating increased intracranial pressure
- Evidence of shunt malfunction or blockage
- Infection of the shunt system
- Need for an updated or more effective shunt
Preparation
- Fasting for a specified period before the procedure
- Adjustment of current medications, particularly blood thinners
- Pre-operative imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans to assess shunt function
- Blood tests to check for infection or other complications
Procedure Description
- The patient is administered general anesthesia.
- The surgical site is cleaned and sterilized.
- An incision is made at the current shunt site.
- The existing shunt is carefully removed or repaired.
- If replacement is needed, a new shunt system is placed and connected.
- The shunt system is tested for proper function.
- The incision is closed with sutures or staples, and a sterile dressing is applied.
Duration
The procedure typically takes about 1 to 3 hours.
Setting
The procedure is performed in a hospital operating room or specialized surgical center.
Personnel
- Neurosurgeon or general surgeon
- Anesthesiologist
- Surgical nurses
- Operating room technicians
Risks and Complications
- Infection at the surgery site
- Bleeding or hematoma
- Damage to surrounding tissues or nerves
- Shunt malfunction or displacement
- CSF leak
- Allergic reaction to anesthesia
Benefits
- Relief from symptoms associated with shunt malfunction
- Restoration of normal CSF flow
- Prevention of complications from high intracranial pressure
- Improved quality of life
Recovery
- Close monitoring in the hospital for 1-2 days post-procedure
- Instructions on wound care and activity restrictions
- Pain management with prescribed medications
- Follow-up appointments for monitoring shunt function and healing
- Generally, full recovery may take several weeks
Alternatives
- Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV)
- Observation and symptomatic management
- Conservative treatment options Each alternative has its own risks and benefits, and suitability depends on specific patient conditions.
Patient Experience
- During the procedure, the patient will be under general anesthesia and will not feel anything.
- Post-procedure, patients may experience some pain at the incision site, managed with pain medications.
- Mild discomfort, fatigue, and activity limitations are expected during the initial recovery phase.
- Gradual improvement in symptoms should be noticed as healing progresses.