3055F Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than or equal to 35% (HF)

Name of the Procedure:

Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Measurement (LVEF ≤ 35%)
Common name(s): LVEF Test
Medical terms: Echocardiography, Radionuclide Ventriculography, MRI

Summary

Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) measurement determines how well your heart's left ventricle pumps blood. It is a vital diagnostic tool for heart failure (HF) patients, particularly when the LVEF is 35% or lower, indicating severe heart dysfunction. This test typically involves non-invasive imaging techniques.

Purpose

The LVEF test assesses heart function to diagnose and monitor heart failure (HF).
Goals:

• Evaluate the heart’s pumping efficiency.
• Determine the severity of heart failure.
• Guide treatment decisions.

Indications

• Symptoms of heart failure (e.g., shortness of breath, fatigue).
• History of heart attack.
• Cardiomyopathy (disease of the heart muscle).
• Monitoring the effectiveness of heart failure treatment.

Preparation

• Fasting may be required for certain tests.
• Medication adjustments might be necessary (consult your doctor).
• Baseline diagnostic tests, such as blood work, an ECG (electrocardiogram), or previous echocardiograms may be reviewed.

Procedure Description

1. Echocardiography: The most common method, using ultrasound waves to create images of the heart.
2. Radionuclide Ventriculography: Uses radioactive materials to image how blood fills the heart chambers.
3. Cardiac MRI: Provides a highly detailed image of heart structures.
   • The patient lies on a table while an imaging device scans the heart.
   • Usually non-invasive and painless.
   • Sedation or anesthesia is generally not required.

Duration

Typically takes 20–45 minutes.

Setting

Performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or specialized cardiology center.

Personnel

• Cardiologist
• Radiology technician or sonographer
• Nurse (depending on the setting)

Risks and Complications

• Echocardiography: Minimal to no risk, very safe.
• Radionuclide Ventriculography: Slight exposure to radiation.
• Cardiac MRI: Rare allergic reaction to contrast dye, if used.

Benefits

• Accurate assessment of heart function.
• Helps tailor individualized treatment plans.
• Early intervention and management of heart failure.

Recovery

• No significant recovery time for echocardiography and radionuclide ventriculography.
• Rest for a short period after cardiac MRI, especially if contrast dye is used.
• Follow-up appointments may be scheduled to discuss results and treatment plans.

Alternatives

• Continuous heart failure management with medication and lifestyle changes.
• Invasive procedures like cardiac catheterization.
• Pros: Non-invasive options like echocardiography are safer and more comfortable.
• Cons: Invasive procedures may provide more detailed information but come with greater risks.

Patient Experience

• Generally painless and non-invasive.
• May feel discomfort from lying still or slight anxiety from imaging machines.
• Pain management not typically needed.
• Comfort measures include a calm environment and reassurance from medical staff.