Infectious disease (bacterial or viral respiratory tract infection), pathogen-specific nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), 22 targets including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), qualitative RT-PCR, nasopharyngeal swab, each pathogen rep
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Pathogen-Specific Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA) Testing for Respiratory Tract Infections via Qualitative RT-PCR
Summary
This procedure involves testing a sample from your nose and throat to detect the presence of specific bacteria and viruses that cause respiratory infections. The test uses a powerful technology called qualitative RT-PCR to identify pathogens, including the virus responsible for COVID-19.
Purpose
The purpose of this test is to accurately identify the specific pathogen causing a respiratory tract infection. By pinpointing the exact cause, healthcare providers can tailor the most effective treatment plan. The test aims to diagnose conditions like COVID-19, flu, and other bacterial or viral infections.
Indications
This test is recommended for patients experiencing symptoms of respiratory infections such as:
- Fever
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Difficulty breathing
- Fatigue
- Body aches It is also appropriate for individuals who have been exposed to infectious respiratory pathogens.
Preparation
- No special preparation is needed, but it’s advised to avoid nasal sprays or rinses prior to the test.
- Inform your healthcare provider of any medications you are taking.
Procedure Description
- You will be seated comfortably while the healthcare provider explains the process.
- A sterile swab is gently inserted into one of your nostrils and moved towards the back of the throat to collect a sample.
- The collected sample is stored in a special container and sent to a laboratory.
- In the lab, RT-PCR technology is used to detect the genetic material of up to 22 different pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2.
Tools used:
- Sterile nasopharyngeal swab
- Collection container
- RT-PCR machine and reagents
No anesthesia or sedation is needed.
Duration
The swabbing process takes about 1-2 minutes. Lab results are typically available within 24-48 hours.
Setting
The procedure is performed in a variety of settings including hospitals, outpatient clinics, and drive-through testing centers.
Personnel
- Healthcare Provider (e.g., nurse or technician)
- Laboratory Technologist
Risks and Complications
- Minor discomfort or gagging during swab insertion
- Rare cases of nosebleeds or minor irritation
- Extremely rare risk of infection at the swab site
Benefits
- Accurate and quick identification of the respiratory infection’s cause
- Helps initiate timely and appropriate treatment
- Reduces the risk of complications from undiagnosed infections
Recovery
- No special post-procedure care is required.
- You can resume normal activities immediately after the test.
- Follow-up instructions depend on the test results.
Alternatives
- Rapid antigen tests: Quicker but less accurate
- Antibody tests: Less effective for diagnosing active infections
- Clinical diagnosis based on symptoms alone: Less reliable
Patient Experience
You may feel slight discomfort or a tickling sensation during the swab collection. Most people tolerate the procedure well. After the test, you can expect minimal to no side effects, and pain management is typically not necessary.