Oncology (Merkel cell carcinoma), detection of antibodies to the Merkel cell polyoma virus capsid protein (VP1), serum, reported as positive or negative
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Detection of antibodies to the Merkel cell polyoma virus capsid protein (VP1), serum (Common name: Merkel cell carcinoma antibody test)
Summary
This test measures the presence of antibodies against the Merkel cell polyoma virus (MCPyV) capsid protein VP1 in a blood sample. The results help determine if a person has been exposed to the MCPyV virus, which is associated with certain skin cancers.
Purpose
The test is primarily used to:
- Diagnose Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare and aggressive skin cancer.
- Monitor for recurrence in patients who have been previously diagnosed with this type of cancer.
- Identify asymptomatic carriers who may be at increased risk of developing Merkel cell carcinoma.
Indications
- Unexplained skin lesions or tumors.
- High-risk patients with a history of skin cancers or immunosuppression.
- Follow-up for patients previously diagnosed with Merkel cell carcinoma.
Preparation
- No specific preparation is typically needed for this blood test.
- Inform your healthcare provider about any medications or supplements you are taking.
Procedure Description
- A healthcare professional will draw a small blood sample, usually from a vein in your arm.
- The sample is sent to a laboratory where it is tested for the presence of antibodies against MCPyV VP1.
Duration
- The blood draw takes about 5-10 minutes.
- Laboratory analysis may take a few days to a week.
Setting
- The blood sample is typically collected in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or laboratory.
Personnel
- A phlebotomist or nurse will draw the blood.
- Laboratory technicians will analyze the sample.
Risks and Complications
- Minimal risks associated with blood draw, such as slight bruising or infection at the puncture site.
- Rarely, some patients may feel lightheaded or faint.
Benefits
- Early and accurate detection of Merkel cell carcinoma.
- Helps in planning appropriate treatment and monitoring disease progression or recurrence.
Recovery
- No significant recovery period needed.
- Patients can return to normal activities immediately after the blood draw.
Alternatives
- Imaging studies (such as CT scans or PET scans) for tumor detection and monitoring.
- Biopsy of suspicious lesions for direct examination of cancer cells.
- Each alternative offers different levels of invasiveness and diagnostic information.
Patient Experience
- You may feel a slight pinch during the blood draw.
- Any discomfort is usually minor and short-lived.
- Healthcare providers will ensure proper pain management and comfort during the procedure.